早期海底的火山活動所造成的熔岩碎塊、集塊岩逐漸於
海底形成一層熔岩地質，就是所謂的海底熔岩地質。海底熔岩地質的特徵是由於活動期間溫度升高，導致海水中的盐分濃度下降，使得一部分盐分凝固成石英、黑云母、橄欖石、斜長石、正長石及大理岩之類的物質，而這些物質又因其不同性能形成不同的地層。此外，海底熔岩地質也會與水泥化物及其他無機特徵連合起來形成一定厚度的一般性夾心板狀地表。
Sea floor basalts are formed gradually from the molten fragments and agglomerates caused by early sea floor volcanic activities. The features of sea floor basalts are due to the increase of temperature during the activity period, which leads to the decrease of salt concentration in seawater. Some salts solidify into quartz, biotite, olivine, plagioclase, orthoclase and diorite. These materials form different strata due to their different properties. In addition, sea floor basalts can also be combined with cementation and other inorganic characteristics to form a general sandwich plate-like surface with certain thickness.
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